1427 صفحه فایل پی دی اف
NFPA 1:2015- Fire Code Handbook
فهرست مطالب
1 Administration 3
1.1 Scope 3
1.2 Purpose 3
1.3 Application 4
1.4 Equivalencies, Alternatives,
and Modifications 6
1.5 Units 7
1.6 Enforcement 7
1.7 Authority 8
1.8 Duties and Powers of the Incident
Commander 13
1.9 Liability 13
1.10 Fire Code Board of Appeals 14
1.11 Records and Reports 16
1.12 Permits and Approvals 16
1.13 Certificates of Fitness 25
1.14 Plan Review 31
1.15 Technical Assistance 32
1.16 Notice of Violations and Penalties 32
2 Referenced Publications 35
2.1 General 35
2.2 NFPA Publications 35
2.3 Other Publications 38
2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory
Sections 42
3 Definitions 45
3.1 General 45
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions 45
3.3 General Definitions 46
3.4 Special Performance-Based Definitions 99
4 General Requirements 101
4.1 Goals and Objectives 101
4.2 Assumptions 106
4.3 Compliance Options 107
4.4 Fundamental Requirements 107
4.5 General Requirements 108
5 Performance-Based Option 113
5.1 General 113
5.2 Performance Criteria 119
5.3 Retained Prescriptive Requirements 121
5.4 Design Scenarios 122
5.5 Evaluation of Proposed Designs 129
5.6 Safety Factors 130
5.7 Documentation Requirements 131
6 Classification of Occupancy 133
6.1 Classification of Occupancy 133
7 Reserved 153
8 Reserved 153
9 Reserved 153
10 General Safety Requirements 155
10.1 Fundamental Requirements 155
10.2 Owner/Occupant Responsibilities 156
10.3 Occupancy 157
10.4 Building Evacuation 158
10.5 Fire Drills 158
10.6 Reporting of Fires and Other Emergencies 159
10.7 Tampering with Fire Safety Equipment 160
10.8 Emergency Action Plans 160
10.9 Smoking 164
2015 NFPA 1 Fire Code Handbook
10.10 Open Flames, Candles, Open Fires,
and Incinerators 164
10.11 Fire Protection Markings 167
10.12 Seasonal and Vacant Buildings
and Premises 170
10.13 Combustible Vegetation 172
10.14 Special Outdoor Events, Carnivals,
and Fairs 174
10.15 Outside Storage 182
10.16 Parade Floats 183
10.17 Powered Industrial Trucks 183
10.18 Storage of Combustible Materials 183
10.19 Indoor Children’s Playground Structures 184
11 Building Services 187
11.1 Electrical Fire Safety 187
11.2 Heating, Ventilation, and Air-
Conditioning 190
11.3 Elevators, Escalators, and Conveyors 190
11.4 Utilities 192
11.5 Heating Appliances 192
11.6 Waste Chutes, Incinerators, and Laundry
Chutes 195
11.7 Stationary Generators and Standby Power
Systems 197
11.8 Smoke Control 199
11.9 Emergency Command Center 200
11.10 Two-Way Radio Communication Enhancement
Systems 201
11.11 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems 202
11.12 Photovoltaic Systems 202
12 Features of Fire Protection 207
12.1 General 207
12.2 Construction 207
12.3 Fire-Resistive Materials
and Construction 209
12.4 Fire Doors and Other Opening
Protectives 210
12.5 Interior Finish 217
12.6 Contents and Furnishings 229
12.7 Fire Barriers 231
12.8 Smoke Partitions 239
12.9 Smoke Barriers 240
13 Fire Protection Systems 247
13.1 General 247
13.2 Standpipe Systems 248
13.3 Automatic Sprinklers 249
13.4 Fire Pumps 289
13.5 Water Supply 301
13.6 Portable Fire Extinguishers 301
13.7 Detection, Alarm, and Communications
Systems 333
13.8 Other Fire Protection Systems 424
13.9 Non-Listed Fire Protection or Suppression
Devices and Equipment 424
14 Means of Egress 427
14.1 Application 429
14.2 Exit Access Corridors 429
14.3 Exits 430
14.4 Means of Egress Reliability 435
14.5 Door Openings 437
14.6 Enclosure and Protection of Stairs 454
14.7 Exit Passageways 456
14.8 Capacity of Means of Egress 459
14.9 Number of Means of Egress 468
14.10 Arrangement of Means of Egress 473
14.11 Discharge from Exits 483
14.12 Illumination of Means of Egress 487
14.13 Emergency Lighting 489
14.14 Marking of Means of Egress 491
14.15 Secondary Means of Escape 499
15 Fire Department Service Delivery
Concurrency Evaluation 501
15.1 Application 501
15.2 Level of Service Objectives 501
15.3 Evaluator Qualifications 501
15.4 Fire Department Service Delivery Concurrency
Evaluation Documentation 501
15.5 Independent Review 502
15.6 Approval 502
16 Safeguarding Construction, Alteration,
and Demolition Operations 503
16.1 General Requirements 503
16.2 Processes and Hazards 504
16.3 Fire Protection 507
16.4 Safeguarding Construction and Alteration
Operations 511
16.5 Fire Safety During Demolition 513
16.6 Torch-Applied Roofing Systems 514
16.7 Tar Kettles 514
16.8 Asbestos Removal 515
17 Wildland Urban Interface 517
17.1 General 517
17.2 Plans 530
17.3 Wildland Fire–Prone Areas 531
NFPA 1 Fire Code Handbook 2015
18 Fire Department Access and Water
Supply 537
18.1 General 537
18.2 Fire Department Access 537
18.3 Water Supplies 544
18.4 Fire Flow Requirements for Buildings 544
18.5 Fire Hydrants 549
19 Combustible Waste and Refuse 553
19.1 General 553
19.2 Combustible Waste and Refuse 554
20 Occupancy Fire Safety 557
20.1 Assembly Occupancies 557
20.2 Educational Occupancies 569
20.3 Day-Care Occupancies 573
20.4 Health Care Occupancies 577
20.5 Residential Board and Care Occupancies 584
20.6 Ambulatory Health Care Centers 587
20.7 Detention and Correctional Occupancies 592
20.8 Hotels and Dormitories 595
20.9 Apartment Buildings 598
20.10 Lodging or Rooming Houses 600
20.11 One- and Two-Family Dwellings
and Manufactured Housing 601
20.12 Mercantile Occupancies 602
20.13 Business Occupancies 603
20.14 Industrial Occupancies 604
20.15 Storage Occupancies 605
20.16 Special Structures and High-Rise
Buildings 607
20.17 Historic Buildings and Cultural
Resources 608
21 Airports and Heliports 611
21.1 Hangars 611
21.2 Terminals 612
21.3 Rooftop Heliport Construction
and Protection 615
22 Automobile Wrecking Yards 621
22.1 General 621
22.2 Permits 621
22.3 Fire Department Access Roads 621
22.4 Welding and Cutting 621
22.5 Housekeeping 621
22.6 Fire Extinguishers 621
22.7 Tire Storage 621
22.8 Burning Operations 621
22.9 Motor Vehicle Fluids and Hazardous
Materials 621
23 Cleanrooms 623
23.1 General 623
23.2 Applicability 623
23.3 Permits 623
24 Drycleaning 625
24.1 General 625
24.2 Permits 625
25 Grandstands and Bleachers, Folding
and Telescopic Seating, Tents,
and Membrane Structures 627
25.1 General 627
25.2 Tents 631
25.3 Grandstands 634
25.4 Folding and Telescopic Seating 637
25.5 Permanent Membrane Structures 638
25.6 Temporary Membrane Structures 639
26 Laboratories Using Chemicals 643
26.1 General 643
26.2 Permits 644
27 Manufactured Home and Recreational
Vehicle Sites 647
27.1 General 647
27.2 Manufactured Home Sites 647
27.3 Recreational Vehicle Parks
and Campgrounds 647
28 Marinas, Boatyards, Marine Terminals,
Piers, and Wharves 649
28.1 Marinas, Boatyards, and Other Recreational
Marine Facilities 649
28.2 Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves 655
28.3 Construction, Conversion, Repair, and Lay-Up
of Vessels 656
29 Parking Garages 659
29.1 General 659
2015 NFPA 1 Fire Code Handbook
30 Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities
and Repair Garages 661
30.1 Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities 661
30.2 Repair Garages 663
30.3 Operational Requirements 668
31 Forest Products 669
31.1 General 669
31.2 Permits 669
31.3 Protection of Storage of Forest Products 669
32 Motion Picture and Television Production
Studio Soundstages and Approved
Production Facilities 681
32.1 General 681
32.2 Permits 682
32.3 Housekeeping 682
32.4 Soundstages and Approved Production
Facilities 682
32.5 Production Locations 686
32.6 Operating Features 688
33 Outside Storage of Tires 691
33.1 General 691
33.2 Individual Piles 693
33.3 Emergency Response Plan 694
33.4 Fire Control Measures 694
33.5 Site Access 694
33.6 Signs and Security 695
33.7 Outdoor Storage of Altered Tire Material 695
34 General Storage 697
34.1 General 697
34.2 Classification of Commodities 698
34.3 Building Construction 708
34.4 Storage Arrangement 710
34.5 General Fire Protection 712
34.6 Building Equipment, Maintenance,
and Operations 714
34.7 Protection of Rack Storage 716
34.8 Protection of Rubber Tires 720
34.9 Protection of Roll Paper 722
34.10 Storage of Idle Pallets 723
35 Reserved 725
36 Telecommunication Facilities and
Information Technology Equipment 727
36.1 General 727
37 Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger
Rail Systems 729
37.1 General 729
38 Reserved 731
39 Reserved 731
40 Dust Explosion and Fire Prevention 733
40.1 General 733
40.2 Permits 742
40.3 Fugitive Dust Control and Housekeeping 743
40.4 Ignition Sources 746
40.5 Fire Protection 751
40.6 Training and Procedures 754
40.7 Inspection and Maintenance 755
41 Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot
Work 759
41.1 General 759
41.2 Responsibility for Hot Work 761
41.3 Fire Prevention Precautions 763
41.4 Sole Proprietors and Individual
Operators 770
41.5 Public Exhibitions and Demonstrations 771
41.6 Arc Welding Equipment 773
42 Refueling 775
42.1 General 775
42.2 Automotive Fuel Servicing 775
42.3 Storage of Liquids 776
42.4 Piping for Liquids 786
42.5 Fuel Dispensing Systems 788
42.6 Building Construction Requirements 796
42.7 Operational Requirements 796
42.8 Additional Requirements for CNG, LNG,
Hydrogen, and LPG 802
42.9 Marine Fueling 805
42.10 Aircraft Fuel Servicing 809
42.11 Alternate Fuels 822
NFPA 1 Fire Code Handbook 2015
43 Spraying, Dipping, and Coating
Using Flammable or Combustible
Materials 829
43.1 Application 829
43.2 Automated Electrostatic Spray
Equipment 856
43.3 Handheld Electrostatic Spray Equipment 856
43.4 Drying, Curing, or Fusion Processes 856
43.5 Miscellaneous Spray Operations 856
43.6 Powder Coating 858
43.7 Organic Peroxides and Plural Component
Coatings 858
43.8 Styrene Cross-Linked Composites
Manufacturing (Glass Fiber–Reinforced
Plastics) 859
43.9 Dipping, Coating, and Printing Processes 860
43.10 Training 861
44 Solvent Extraction 863
44.1 General 863
44.2 Application 863
44.3 Permits 864
44.4 Special Requirements 864
45 Combustible Fibers 865
45.1 General 865
45.2 Electrical Wiring 865
45.3 No Smoking 865
45.4 Vehicles and Material Handling
Equipment 865
45.5 Loose Storage of Combustible Fibers 867
45.6 Baled Storage 868
45.7 Storage of Hay, Straw, and Other Similar
Agricultural Products 869
45.8 Hazardous Materials 869
46 Reserved 871
47 Reserved 871
48 Reserved 871
49 Reserved 871
50 Commercial Cooking 873
50.1 Application 875
50.2 General Requirements 875
50.3 Protection of Coverings and Enclosure
Materials 880
50.4 Fire-Extinguishing Equipment 881
50.5 Procedures for the Use, Inspection, Testing,
and Maintenance of Equipment 893
50.6 Minimum Safety Requirements for Cooking
Equipment 899
51 Industrial Ovens and Furnaces 903
51.1 General 903
51.2 Location 907
51.3 Safety Controls 907
52 Stationary Storage Battery Systems 913
52.1 General 913
52.2 Permits 914
52.3 Safety Features 914
53 Mechanical Refrigeration 921
53.1 General 921
53.2 Safety Features 923
53.3 Operations, Maintenance, and Testing 928
54 Ozone Gas–Generating Equipment 931
54.1 Scope 931
54.2 Location 931
54.3 Piping, Valves, and Fittings 932
54.4 Automatic Shutdown 932
54.5 Manual Shutdown 932
55 Reserved 933
56 Reserved 933
57 Reserved 933
58 Reserved 933
59 Reserved 933
60 Hazardous Materials 935
60.1 General Requirements 936
60.2 Special Definitions 939
60.3 Classification of Materials, Wastes, and Hazard
of Contents 940
60.4 Permissible Storage and Use Locations 941
2015 NFPA 1 Fire Code Handbook
60.5 Fundamental Requirements 961
60.6 Emergency Action Planning, Fire Risk Control
and Chemical Hazard Requirements
for Industrial Processes 969
60.7 Performance Alternative 969
61 Aerosol Products 971
61.1 General Provisions 971
61.2 Basic Requirements 974
61.3 Storage in Warehouses and Storage
Areas 976
61.4 Mercantile Occupancies 981
61.5 Operations and Maintenance 982
62 Reserved 985
63 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic
Fluids 987
63.1 General Provisions 987
63.2 Building-Related Controls 990
63.3 Compressed Gases 998
63.4 Cryogenic Fluids 1022
63.5 Bulk Oxygen Systems 1034
63.6 Bulk Gaseous Hydrogen Systems 1035
63.7 Bulk Liquefied Hydrogen Systems 1035
63.8 Gas Generation Systems 1035
63.9 Insulated Liquid Carbon Dioxide
Systems 1035
63.10 Storage, Handling, and Use of Ethylene Oxide
for Sterilization and Fumigation 1035
63.11 Liquid Oxygen in Home Care 1035
64 Corrosive Solids and Liquids 1039
64.1 General 1039
65 Explosives, Fireworks, and Model
Rocketry 1041
65.1 General 1042
65.2 Display Fireworks 1042
65.3 Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate
Audience 1043
65.4 Flame Effects Before an Audience 1044
65.5 Fireworks Manufacturing 1046
65.6 Model Rocketry 1046
65.7 Rocketry Manufacturing 1047
65.8 High Power Rocketry 1048
65.9 Explosives 1048
66 Flammable and Combustible
Liquids 1051
66.1 General 1051
66.2 Reserved 1054
66.3 Definitions 1054
66.4 Definition and Classification of Liquids 1055
66.5 Reserved 1058
66.6 Fire and Explosion Prevention and Risk
Control 1058
66.7 Electrical Systems 1064
66.8 Application of Area Classification 1070
66.9 Storage of Liquids in Containers — General
Requirements 1070
66.10 Reserved 1088
66.11 Reserved 1088
66.12 Reserved 1088
66.13 Reserved 1089
66.14 Hazardous Materials Storage Lockers 1089
66.15 Outdoor Storage 1092
66.16 Automatic Fire Protection for Inside Liquid
Storage Areas 1094
66.17 Processing Facilities 1119
66.18 Dispensing, Handling, Transfer, and Use
of Liquids 1128
66.19 Specific Operations 1132
66.20 Reserved 1143
66.21 Storage of Liquids in Tanks — Requirements
for All Storage Tanks 1143
66.22 Storage of Liquids in Tanks — Aboveground
Storage Tanks 1157
66.23 Storage of Liquids in Tanks — Underground
Tanks 1172
66.24 Storage Tank Buildings 1175
66.25 Storage Tank Vaults 1182
66.26 Reserved 1185
66.27 Piping Systems 1185
66.28 Bulk Loading and Unloading Facilities for Tank
Cars and Tank Vehicles 1194
66.29 Wharves 1199
67 Flammable Solids 1205
67.1 General 1205
68 Highly Toxic and Toxic Solids and
Liquids 1207
68.1 General 1208
NFPA 1 Fire Code Handbook 2015
69 Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Liquefied
Natural Gases 1209
69.1 General Provisions 1209
69.2 LP-Gas Equipment and Appliances 1210
69.3 Installation of LP-Gas Systems 1224
69.4 LP-Gas Liquid Transfer 1264
69.5 Storage of Cylinders Awaiting Use, Resale,
or Exchange 1276
69.6 Vehicular Transportation of LP-Gas 1285
69.7 LP-Gases at Utility Plants 1291
69.8 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Facilities 1291
70 Oxidizer Solids and Liquids 1293
70.1 General 1293
71 Pyrophoric Solids and Liquids 1295
71.1 General 1295
72 Unstable (Reactive) Solids and
Liquids 1297
72.1 General 1297
73 Water-Reactive Solids and Liquids 1299
73.1 General 1299
74 Ammonium Nitrate 1301
74.1 General 1301
75 Organic Peroxide Solids
and Liquids 1303
75.1 General 1303
Annexes
A Explanatory Material 1305
B Hazardous Materials
Classifications 1307
C Sample Ordinance Adopting the NFPA 1,
Fire Code 1321
D Hazardous Materials Management Plans
and Hazardous Materials Inventory
Statements 1323
E Fire Fighter Safety Building Marking
System 1335
F Informational References 1339
Index 1347
Important Notices and Legal
Disclaimers 1385
TIAs 1386
NFPA 1:2015- Fire Code Handbook