جزوه لاتین Isolation procedure and safe systems of work (روش جداسازی و سیستم های ایمنی کار)

اختصاصی از فی فوو جزوه لاتین Isolation procedure and safe systems of work (روش جداسازی و سیستم های ایمنی کار) دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

این فایل حاوی جزوه آموزشی Isolation procedure and safe systems of work (روش جداسازی و سیستم های ایمنی کار) می باشد که به صورت فرمت PDF در 28 صفحه در اختیار شما عزیزان قرار گرفته است، در صورت تمایل می توانید این محصول را از فروشگاه خریداری و دانلود نمایید.

فهرست
Lockout
Definitions
Types of Lockout Devices
Removal of Lockout
Temporarily Reactivating Equipment
Special Situations
What is Lock Out Tag Out
Component of the LOTO system
TAG USED
Displays on shopfloor

تصویر محیط برنامه

A Concise Guide to Endodontic Procedures, Springer, 2015

اختصاصی از فی فوو A Concise Guide to Endodontic Procedures, Springer, 2015 دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

198 صفحه pdf

A Concise Guide to Endodontic Procedures, Springer, 2015

فهرست کامل مطالب کتاب:

1 The Differential Diagnosis of Endodontic Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Talking to Patients About Saving Their Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Patient Consent and Record Keeping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Talking with Patients to Diagnose the Cause of Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Endodontic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Facial Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Dental Examination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Radiographic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
SOAP Framework for the Differential Diagnosis
of Endodontic Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Subjective Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Objective Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Assessing Information to Reach a Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Plan/Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Dental History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Medical History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Dental Pulp Vitality Diagnosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Dental Pulp Sensibility Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Electric Pulp Tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Cold and Heat Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Palpation Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Percussion Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Cavity Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Experimental Dental Pulp Sensibility Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Exploratory Surgical Flap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Anesthesia Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Transillumination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Crown Examination Prior to Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Tooth Structure Needed for Restorations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Root Aspect and Periodontium Examination Prior to Treatment . . . . . . . 12
Examination of the Apical Aspect of the Root and Apical Bone . . . . . . . 13
Detecting Additional Canals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Angulated Multiple Radiographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Root Canal Working Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Electronic Apex Locators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Limitations of the Radiograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Diagnostic Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
When to Treat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
When Not to Treat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Medical History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Reversible Pulpitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Irreversible Pulpitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Periapical Pathosis Without a Radiolucency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Periapical Pathosis With a Radiolucency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Fistula and Sinus Tract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Swelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Periapical Lesions of Nonpulpal Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Endodontic-Periodontic Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Endodontic Lesion Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Classifi cation of Endodontic-Periodontic Lesions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Endodontic Lesions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Primary Endodontic Lesions with Secondary Periodontic
Involvement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Primary Periodontic Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Primary Periodontic Lesions with Secondary Endodontic
Involvement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
True Combined Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Periapical Diagnosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Diagnostic Complications Due to Radicular Anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Etiology of Root Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Diagnosis of Root Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Diagnosis of a Cracked Tooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Etiology of Cracked Teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Diagnosis of a Cracked Tooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
History of a Cracked Tooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Radiograph of a Cracked Tooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Bite Test for a Cracked Tooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Transillumination for a Cracked Tooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Responsive Testing of the Pulp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Restoration Removal and Dye Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Surgical Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Emergency Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Root Canal Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Standards for Patient Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Summary of Pulp, Periapical, and Bone Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Quiz for the Topics Covered in Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Appendix 1.1. Example of a Patient Consent Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2 Dental Traumatic Injuries, Pain Management,
and Emergency Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Traumatic Dental Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Patient Care Immediately Following Traumatic Dental Injuries . . . . . 39
Differential Diagnosis of Traumatic Dental Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Subjective Information About the Traumatic Dental Injuries. . . . . . . . 40
Objective Information About the Traumatic Dental Injuries . . . . . . . . 40
Assessing Information to Reach a Differential Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . 41
Plan/Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Root and Crown Fractures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Tooth Fracture Diagnosis by Radiographic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Tooth Fracture Diagnosis by Clinical Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Tooth Fracture Diagnosis by Patient Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Identifi cation of the Type of Traumatic Dental Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Types of Traumatic Dental Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Diagnosis of Traumatic Dental Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Emergency Care for a Traumatic Dental Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Diagnosis and Treatment Modalities for Dental Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Treatment Planning for Dental Traumatic Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Treatment for Dental Traumatic Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Avulsed Tooth Replantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Treatment for Replanting Avulsed Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Evaluating the Success of Replanted Avulsed Teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Delaying Treatment to Traumatically Injured Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Local Anesthesia for Traumatically Injured Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Repositioning and Stabilizing Traumatically Injured Teeth . . . . . . . . . 56
Prognosis of Traumatically Injured Teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Orthodontic Movement of Traumatized Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Patient Home Care Instructions for Traumatically Injured Teeth . . . . . 57
Antibiotics and Tetanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Root Resorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Differential Radiographic Diagnosis of Root Resorption . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Treatments for Root Resorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Anesthesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Pain Management for Trauma and Endodontics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Local Anesthesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Accomplishing Profound Local Anesthesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Selecting Local Anesthesia by Type and Dose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Injecting Local Anesthesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Failure to Accomplish Pulpal Anesthesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Tips for Accomplishing Pulpal Anesthesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Reversal of Local Anesthesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Tooth Whitening Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Causes of Tooth Discoloration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Whitening or Bleaching Teeth Without a Pulp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Summary of Dental Traumatic Injuries, Antibiotics, and Anesthetics . . . 66
Quiz for the Topics Covered in Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3 Treatments for Traumatized and Diseased Immature Teeth:
Pulpotomy, Cvek Partial Pulpotomy, Apexifi cation,
Apexogenesis, and Regenerative Endodontics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Saving Traumatized and Diseased Immature Teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Diagnosing the Health of the Pulp in Traumatized and Diseased Teeth . . 73
Treatments for Traumatic Injuries and Caries Decay to Immature Teeth . 74
Endodontic Terminology for Treatments for Immature Teeth. . . . . . . . . . 75
Apex Size and Stage of Tooth Maturity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Age, Health Status, and Compliance of Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Root Canal Disinfection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Dental Materials in Contact with Vital Pulp and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Endodontic Sealers in Contact with Vital Pulp and Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Apexogenesis and Cvek Partial Pulpotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Apexifi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Alternative Treatments to Apexifi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Revascularization of the Root Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Regenerative Endodontic Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Comparison of Treatments on Root Length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Tooth Avulsion and Root Canal Revascularization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Test Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4 Oral Pathology and Imaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Digital Radiographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Radiation Dosage and Avoiding Incidental Radiation Exposure. . . . . . . . 99
X-Rays and Radiographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Types of Radiographs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Bitewing Radiographs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Periapical Radiographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Occlusal Radiographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Full Mouth Series of Radiographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Panoramic Radiographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Cone Beam Computed Tomography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
CBCT Field of View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
CBCT Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
CBCT Detection of Apical Periodontitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Radiographic Description of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology . . . . . . . . 107
Radiolucent/Radiopaque Lesions of the Jaws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Periapical Cyst or Radicular Cyst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Dentigerous Cyst or Follicular Cyst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Lateral Periodontal Cyst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Ameloblastoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Central Giant Cell Granuloma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Odontoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Ossifying Fibroma or Osteofi brous Dysplasia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Cementoblastoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Focal-Osseous Dysplasia or Cemento-osseous Dysplasia. . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Odontogenic Myxoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Solitary Eosinophilic Granuloma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Quiz for the Topics Covered in Chapter 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
5 Endodontic Access Considerations Based on Root
Canal Morphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Access Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Criteria for the Root Canal Access Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Aging of the Dental Pulp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Removal of the Dental Pulp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Identifying the Shape and Position of the
Cement-Enamel Junction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Law of Root Canal Centrality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Law of Root Canal Concentricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Tooth Angulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Distance from the Cusp Tip to the Floor of the Pulp Chamber . . . . . . . . . 122
Positioning the Root Canal Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Access Modifi cation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Root Canals by Tooth Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Mandibular First Molar Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Mandibular Second Molar Teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Maxillary First Molar Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Maxillary Second Molar Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Bur Size for a Root Canal Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Technique for Root Canal Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Step 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Step 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Step 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Law of Dentin Color Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Orifi ce Number and Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Quiz for the Topics Covered in Chapter 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
6 Instrumentation (Techniques, File Systems,
File Types, and Techniques) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Cleaning and Shaping of the Root Canals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Root Canal Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Tooth Length Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Final Instrumentation and Shaping the Root Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Cleaning and Shaping to the Root Apex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Size of Apical Enlargement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Shape and Size of the Instrumented Root Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Endodontic Hand File Geometries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Endodontic Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Using Hand Files and Instruments to Shape the Root Canals . . . . . . . . . . 138
Anti-curvature Filing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Accessory Canals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Steps for Instrumenting the Root Canals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Culturing and Medication of Root Canals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Perforation Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Quiz for the Topics Covered in Chapter 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
7 Irrigation of Root Canals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Irrigating the Infected Root Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Functions of Irrigating Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Types and Dilutions of Irrigating Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Functions of Chelating Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Activation of Irrigating Solution and Chelating Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Quiz for the Topics Covered in Chapter 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
8 Root Canal Obturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Root Canal Sealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Selecting Obturation Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Gutta-Percha Obturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Summary of the Root Canal Obturation Technique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Alternative Root Canal Obturation Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Silver Point Obturation of Root Canals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Pastes to Obturate Root Canals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Composite Resins to Obturate Root Canals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Posttreatment Patient Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Posttreatment Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Treatment of a Flare-Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Considerations for Restoring Endodontically Treated Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Quiz for the Topics Covered in Chapter 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
9 Periradicular Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Surgery in Endodontic Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Types of Surgeries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Restorative and Occlusal Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Guidelines for Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Surgical Flap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Complications of Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Quiz for the Topics Covered in Chapter 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Correlation ranking procedure for factor selection in PC-ANN modeling and application to aqueous Solubility evaluation

اختصاصی از فی فوو Correlation ranking procedure for factor selection in PC-ANN modeling and application to aqueous Solubility evaluation دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

نویسند‌گان: A. Najafi ، S. Sobhan Ardakani
خلاصه مقاله:
A correlation ranking procedure is proposed for selection of factors in principal component-artificial neural network (PC-ANN). The model was applied in the aqueous Solubility (-logS) evaluation of diverse Organic molecules. Experimental values for the observed -logS values for organic molecules can range from about -0.380 (oxalic acid) to 10.410 (2,2',3,3',4,5,5',6,6'-PCB) -log units. Ten different Sh indices were calculated for each molecule. Principal component analysis of the Sh data matrix showed that the seven PCs could explain 99.97% of variances in the Sh data matrix. The extracted PCs were used as the predictor variables (input) for PCR and ANN models. The ANN model could explain 97.63% of variances in the solubility data, while the value obtained from PCR procedures were 84.27%. For the PCR studies, the data set was divided into a training set of 320 compounds for model building and an external prediction set of 60 compounds for model validation. Both subsets were chosen to ensure that a diverse set of compounds was present. For the ANN studies, a cross-validation set of 50 compounds was chosen, leaving 270 compounds in the training set, and the prediction set remained the same. Models to predict the solubility is constructed using PCR and PC-ANN with errors comparables to the experimental errors of the solubility data. The root mean-square-errors (RMSerror) associated with the calibration, prediction, and validation set compounds used for the PC-ANN model were 0.314, 0.450, and 0.314 -logS units, respectively.

کلمات کلیدی: QSPR, Topological Indices, Aqueous Solubility, PCR, PC-ANN.